This category covers a wide range of systems such as Fly by Wire Computers, Auto-Pilot Computers, Auto-throttle Computers, Actuator Drive Units, Flight Management Computers, and Energy Management Computers.The words Fly-by-Wire imply only an electrically-signalled control system. The term is generally used, however, in the sense of computer-configured controls. This is where, between the operator and the final control actuator or surface, a computer system is interposed. This modifies the inputs of the pilot in accordance with software programmes. The Auto-Pilot relieves the pilot of the need to fly the aircraft continually. Apart from basic modes such as height and heading hold the Auto-Pilot can give very precise control for automatic landing or in the military aircraft for terrain following. The Auto-Throttle provides a closed loop whereby the measured airspeed error is used to control the engine throttles. The Actuator Drives are the interface between the hydraulic Actuators for the flying surfaces and the Flight Control Computer.Flight Management Computers can vary considerably in complexity but may provide flight guidance with lateral and vertical control of the flight path. They may monitor the flight envelope to optimise the speed and fuel burn and allow for flight planning . The Energy Management Computer is essentially an FMS in a military aircraft used to optimise the mission with real time planning.
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